China's Military Modernization Raises Concerns in Southeast Asia

Jakarta, VIVA – The rapid modernization of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has raised concerns across Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, due to its potential impact on regional stability, especially in the South China Sea (SCS).

China's growing military capabilities, combined with its increasingly confrontational stance towards the West, have intensified fears that the SCS could become a flashpoint for future conflict.

At a public discussion organized by the Forum Sinologi Indonesia (FSI) and the Paramadina Public Policy Institute (PPPI) in Jakarta on September 30, 2024, experts discussed the implications of China's military advancements.

Dr. Johanes Herlijanto, Chairman of FSI, emphasized the significance of these developments for Indonesia, noting, “Xi Jinping has accelerated the target for military modernization from 2035 to 2027, making it a critical issue that Indonesia must pay attention to.”

Brigadier General (Ret.) Victor P. Tobing highlighted that China’s military transformation did not occur overnight. "The idea of military modernization dates back to Deng Xiaoping's era in 1978, but significant changes have occurred since Xi Jinping took power in 2012," he explained.

Tobing also pointed out China's growing military presence overseas, including the establishment of a base in Djibouti, Africa, and its increasing dominance in the South China Sea, bolstered by three aircraft carriers.

Aisha Rasyidila Kusumasomantri, Director of Indo-Pacific Strategic Intelligence, underscored China's rapid military growth, particularly its naval strength.

“China now has a formidable navy with around 370 ships, supported by advanced technologies, including AI and multi-domain operations,” she said.

Kusumasomantri also noted the potential challenges for Southeast Asian nations, as China continues to enforce its disputed territorial claims in the SCS.

Dr. Peni Hanggarini, a defense strategy expert, further stressed China’s assertive military posture, driven by its rivalry with the United States.

While Indonesia is not directly involved in territorial disputes in the SCS, experts agreed that the country needs to enhance its defense diplomacy and budget to safeguard its interests in the face of growing regional tensions.